The Role of Sport and Physical Education in Self –Concept Development of Children and Adolescents

Perikles Kalogiannis

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Hellas

Abstract

The positive effect of involvement in physical education and sports in the course of a normal and harmonious physical development of a child has already been established (Bailey et al., 1986; Bar-Or, 1983; Pangrazi, 1997; Tokmakidis & Douda, 1999). Moreover, it is also generally acceptable that it conduces to the psychological development of the child, contributing to the shaping of a multifaceted and harmonious personality (Fox, 1997; Whitehead & Corbin, 1997). With the acceptance of the multiple dimension of the self’s structure, the opportunity was given for research into the physical self as a separate unit. The development of suitable psychometric tools facilitated the measurement of physical self-concept. Abundance of research results has proven the positive correlation between participation in programs of physical activity and higher levels of physical self-esteem and global self-concept. Furthermore, there are research findings that children with high indices of body composition and low level of physical fitness manifest lower physical self-esteem and perceived competence, decreased motivation, negative attitudes towards Physical Education exercise settings and show higher anxiety levels when they are involved in physical activities. The appropriate teaching of Physical Education can help children form an objective image of their physical self and acquire a positive physical self-esteem, which will allow them to participate actively in sports and physical activity programs and to experience the lifelong benefits of this participation.

Key words: Self-concept, self-esteem, physical self, physical education, physical activity.

New Technologies and Teaching Physical Education

Apostolos Siskos & Panagiotis Antoniou

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece

Abstract

It is an undoubted reality that multiple applications of New Technologies affect in a variety of modes all aspects of social, economic and cultural activity. It is generally agreed nowadays that New Technologies have a vital role in education of all levels. In fact, society itself makes it necessary for the young to be equipped in such a way so as to become both intuitive and efficient users of information and information creators themselves. Educators, as they take part in change and receive its impact, should create new acceptable technology-mediated instruction models. The potential and prospects that open up with the implementation of New Technologies are of primary importance for the field of Physical Education (P.E.). P.E. teachers should approach this chal- lenge as a unique opportunity to support and improve both the instruction and the status of their taught subject. In order for this approach to be maximally achieved, a large volume of research data has been produced during the years of the information revolution concerning the use of New Technologies in education at large and, more specifically, in P.E. and Sports Pedagogy. The aim of the present study is through the literature review a) to highlight the potential offered by New Technologies in the teaching of P.E. and b) present the results of relevant research carried out at a global level over the recent years. In conclusion, it can be stated that New Technologies are not a panacea for P.E. but a useful tool for the improvement of teachers’ work.

Key words: computer aided instruction, multimedia computer aided instruction, webquest, multimedia projects, internet.

LEARNING WITH MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGY – A PROMISE OR REALITY?

Nicholas Vernadakis, Andreas Avgerinos, Eleni Zetou, Maria Giannousi & Efthimis Kioumourtzoglou

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Hellas

Abstract

The purpose of this review was the investigation and critical appraisal of the educational opportunities that the use of Multimedia Instruction promises in the educational environment and especially to the Physi- cal Education. In particular, the paper starts with a detailed description of the advantage and disadvantage of Multimedia Instruction. Continues with a research result report dealing on the learning effects of Multi- media Instruction and a model proposed for developing educational multimedia applications. Finally, a wide range of concerns and problems are identified and considered most of which seem to be related with the ways in which this kind of software is being actually introduced and used within the classroom setting. The studies reviewed fulfilled the following criteria: i) used a quantitative assessment of learning with multimedia technology, ii) included participants from preschool through undergraduate school, iii) used a comparison or control group, iv) conducted internationally and in Greece, and v) published in English or Greek language. Based therefore, on the evidence of this research review it appears that the Multimedia Instruction can be an effective, interesting and attractive way of teaching that supplements the conventional educational process.

Key words: technology, multimedia instruction, active learning, production model.

Effectiveness in Physical Education

Olga Vasiliadou & Vassiliki Derri

Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Hellas

Abstract

The purpose of the paper was the review of the literature on effectiveness in physical education. Meth- odologies that have been used in research on teaching effectiveness were the perfect teaching method, proc- ess-product and mediating-process designs, and ecology model. According to the current literature the effec- tive physical educator is enthusiastic, warm, fair, and able to observe and communicate, state objectives, check for cognitive understanding. The profile of effectiveness in physical education is compiled by stu- dents’ success, class time management, discipline and control, suitability of activities, appropriate teaching cues, supporting and safe learning environment, planning and assessment of students and teaching. It is concluded that the multidimensional assessment, based on ecology model, is the most proper approach for research on effectiveness.

Key words: effective teaching, teacher, effectiveness, physical education.